How to install Linux on Windows with WSL (Microsoft)

Connection settings for this article

Start PowerShell or Command Prompt by selecting “Run as administrator”. PowerShell or Command Prompt can also be opened in Windows Terminal. The command to check the OS version is as follows:

PS C:\Windows\System32> winver

Linux distributions that install WSL2 online can be found with “wsl -l -o”.

PS C:\Windows\System32> wsl -l -o
インストールできる有効なディストリビューションの一覧を次に示します。
'wsl.exe --install <Distro>' を使用してインストールします。

NAME                                   FRIENDLY NAME
Ubuntu                                 Ubuntu
Debian                                 Debian GNU/Linux
kali-linux                             Kali Linux Rolling
Ubuntu-18.04                           Ubuntu 18.04 LTS
Ubuntu-20.04                           Ubuntu 20.04 LTS
Ubuntu-22.04                           Ubuntu 22.04 LTS
OracleLinux_7_9                        Oracle Linux 7.9
OracleLinux_8_7                        Oracle Linux 8.7
OracleLinux_9_1                        Oracle Linux 9.1
openSUSE-Leap-15.5                     openSUSE Leap 15.5
SUSE-Linux-Enterprise-Server-15-SP4    SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 15 SP4
SUSE-Linux-Enterprise-15-SP5           SUSE Linux Enterprise 15 SP5
openSUSE-Tumbleweed                    openSUSE Tumbleweed

It can also be installed from the Microsoft Store rather than by command.

Here we install Ubuntu-22.04(wsl_install.jpg).

wsl --install -d Ubuntu-22.04

Reboot the system as instructed.

Ubuntu will start automatically after rebooting, but if it does not, start it from the menu. Enter your client username and password.

Enter new UNIX username: Local_Username
New password:
Retype new password:
passwd: password updated successfully
Installation successful!
...

Updating Ubuntu.

username@localhost:/etc/apt$ sudo apt update
username@localhost:/etc/apt$ sudo apt -y full-upgrade

Check the timezone and locale, and change them if necessary.

username@localhost:/etc/apt$ timedatectl
               Local time: Fri 2024-01-12 11:51:24 JST
           Universal time: Fri 2024-01-12 02:51:24 UTC
                 RTC time: Fri 2024-01-12 02:51:24
                Time zone: Asia/Tokyo (JST, +0900)
System clock synchronized: yes
              NTP service: inactive
          RTC in local TZ: no
username@localhost:/etc/apt$ localectl status
   System Locale: LANG=C.UTF-8
       VC Keymap: n/a
      X11 Layout: us
       X11 Model: pc105

Generate an ssh key in PowerShell. (After # are comments)

username@localhost:~$ ssh-keygen -t ecdsa -b 384
Generating public/private ecdsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/home/username/.ssh/id_ecdsa):
Created directory '/home/username/.ssh'.
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):   #Enter passphrase
Enter same passphrase again:   #Enter passphrase
Your identification has been saved in /home/username/.ssh/id_ecdsa
Your public key has been saved in /home/username/.ssh/id_ecdsa.pub
The key fingerprint is:
SHA256:qIOIpGWS430BdmS8b+6ARH5JUoLj+eDZ4LD4ux8gEXA username@Win11
The key's randomart image is:
+---[ECDSA 384]---+
|+ E..+           |
| =  =.           |
|o o= o.          |
|.B+ =...         |
|XoXo +o S        |
|B@o=o..o         |
|+o.o+oo          |
|  . .o..         |
|  o+. ..         |
+----[SHA256]-----+

Please apply for registration of the created public key id_ecdsa.pub.
　Isee Jump_Server account request 　CIDAS System account request

作成した鍵を ssh-agent に登録する. (#以降はコメント)

username@localhost:~$ eval $(ssh-agent) # ssh-agent を起動する
Agent pid 658
username@localhost:~$ ssh-add ~/.ssh/id_ecdsa # 鍵を登録
Enter passphrase for /home/username/.ssh/id_ecdsa: # パスフレーズ
Identity added: /home/username/.ssh/id_ecdsa (username@Win11)

登録されているかは下記コマンドで確認できる.

username@localhost:~$ ssh-add -l
384 SHA256:qIOIpGWS430BdmS8b+6ARH5JUoLj+eDZ4LD4ux8gEXA username@Win11 (ECDSA)

下記コマンドでssh接続する.
-Aオプションは, 認証エージェントを転送する, つまりログインサーバに接続後, 続けて別のサーバに接続する際に, 最初に使った秘密鍵をそのまま使用するためにつける.
-Xオプションは X11のポートフォワーディングを有効にする（リモートマシンのXアプリケーションが実行できるようになる）

username@localhost:~$  ssh 踏み台username@踏み台サーバ -AX
The authenticity of host '踏み台サーバ' can't be established.
ED25519 key fingerprint is SHA256:TTWvEs781VjJwKrzOLJVDtTbLUn/1Ut00as1oihi5QI.
This key is not known by any other names
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no/[fingerprint])? yes
Warning: Permanently added '踏み台サーバ' (ED25519) to the list of known hosts.

踏み台サーバからさらに目的のサーバにssh接続する。

WSL2 では、デフォルトで GUI 表示ができる. X サーバを新たにインストールする必要はない.
Linux 用 Windows サブシステム で Linux GUI アプリを実行する

• 便利メモはこちら

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